Mimetic Desire

Rene Girard's mimetic theory is an interesting rabbit hole that cleanly explains human relationships, conflict, and our culture. The premise is simple but very powerful. Our desires are not just a product of rational decision-making, instead they are shaped by the desires of others. An otherwise very simple observation can lead us to understanding a lot of conflicts we see today. Mimetic theory shows that it is human nature to scapegoat and sacrifice others. But it also shows how we can turn that around.

Girard argues that we don't desire objects inherently. Instead, we desire what others desire. This is a mimetic desire. It's initially an innocent imitation but can quickly escalate into rivalry. When multiple individuals desire the same scarce or unsharable object like a job, romantic partner, or social status, competition emerges. This "mimetic rivalry" transforms the initial model of desire into a model-obstacle, a rival blocking access to the coveted object. The focus shifts from the object itself to the rivalry, intensifying the desire and fueling a potentially destructive escalation. The conflict is not just about the object, it's about the assertion of self against the other.

If this escalation is left unchecked, others can get involved. Instead of thinking about this as two guys fighting over something, think about large corporations with marketing departments competing over market share. Social media influencers creating and fostering a "community" to compete for views. Or political party leaders rallying supporters.

This can lead to a chaotic "war of all against all." Threatening the stability of these communities, consumers, or social groups. Girard identifies the scapegoat mechanism as the primary means by which societies have historically resolved such conflicts. This mechanism involves the collective identification of a single individual or group as the source of all problems.

The scapegoat, regardless of actual guilt, becomes the target of collective aggression, and it's only their expulsion or sacrifice that can restore fragile peace. The crucial element here is the unanimous belief in the scapegoat's guilt. A belief that masks the underlying violence is inherent in the process itself. The peace achieved is a violent piece, built on a foundation of collective deception and suffering of an innocent victim.

Girard contends that scapegoating isn't just a historical phenomenon relevant only to what we might perceive as petty war. It's a deeply ingrained human tendency. It manifests not only on a societal level but also within individuals. When we choose sides in other people's desires, perceiving that as a rational choice and not our own mimetic desire, we start to project perceived flaws and inadequacies onto others. Solidifying our self-image at their expense.

Girard looks to Christian Gospels as an answer. An alternative to this cycle of mimetic violence and scapegoating. He argues that the Gospels reveal the scapegoating mechanism by exposing the innocence of God in the figure of Jesus. This revelation challenges the self-justifying nature of scapegoating and offers a path to real peace. Reconciliation that isn't built on violence and sacrifice, but on forgiveness and the recognition of our shared complicity in violence.

The power of mimetic theory doesn't just lie in its explanation of conflict, but its potential to transform how we understand and interact with the world. By recognizing the mimetic nature of our desires and the pervasive influence of scapegoating, we can interrupt these patterns and cultivate a more just and compassionate society. The path forward lies in embracing forgiveness and recognizing our shared humanity. Not in perpetuating cycles of blame and violence. It means moving past our own self-serving narratives and scapegoating. Instead, moving toward a future defined by empathy, understanding, and a commitment to true peace.